Glial Cells

Myelin

One function of glial cells is to assist neurons in their communication with each other. One way that they do this is by producing myelin sheaths. Myelin sheaths are layers of protrusions (little arms) of glial cells that wrap around the axons of neurons. These sheaths form a protective layer around and act as “insulation” for axons. As “insulation,” myelin sheaths help signals and information to travel faster along the axons. Signals along myelinated nerves can travel as fast as 200 miles per second! Therefore, myelin is very important for neuronal communication and the function of our bodies.

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease where the body’s immune system attacks the myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord. When this happens, communication between neurons in the central nervous system slows down and in some cases is completely disrupted. This can cause unpredictable symptoms, including numbness, tingling, mood changes, memory problems, pain, fatigue, blindness and/or paralysis. However, some people with MS may have mild symptoms while others have more severe symptoms.

Glia are the structural cells in the nervous system, providing support in the nervous system. They come in many shapes and sizes as well as have various functions. While they do not participate directly in synaptic communication, glial cells assist neurons with communication, circulate important nutrients, eliminate waste and regulate blood flow in the brain.